College-Level English

Academic Vocabulary for Reading, Writing, and Study

Academic vocabulary includes words and word families that appear frequently in academic communication, plus discipline-specific terms used in particular subjects. Students need to recognize these words in texts and use appropriate language in discussion and writing.

Academic vocabulary sits between everyday language and highly technical terminology. Words such as “derive,” “indicate,” and “constitute” can appear across many fields, while terms such as “mitosis” or “jurisdiction” belong to narrower disciplines.

A useful study plan distinguishes general academic language from course-specific terminology. It also connects each word to the texts, assignments, lectures, and discussions in which the student needs it.

General academic vocabulary and technical vocabulary

Vocabulary typeTypical useStudy priority
General academicAcross multiple subjects and academic genresHigh for students entering tertiary study
Discipline-specificWithin a field such as biology, law, or economicsHigh when required by current courses
Everyday/coreHigh-frequency communicationFoundation that supports all further learning

How to build academic word knowledge

  1. Collect vocabulary from assigned readings, lectures, rubrics, and model papers.
  2. Check meaning, pronunciation, part of speech, common forms, and typical combinations.
  3. Write a short example tied to the subject you are studying.
  4. Practice retrieving the word and explaining the concept in plain English.
  5. Use the word in discussion or writing, then seek feedback on accuracy and register.

Use word lists as maps, not complete courses

The Academic Word List was developed for learners preparing for tertiary study and contains 570 word families selected from an academic corpus. It is a useful reference, but students still need reading, listening, speaking, writing, and direct study. Different disciplines also require vocabulary beyond any general list.

MERDI’s printed system can provide an additional relational reference for exploring word connections. It is not an Academic Word List course, a writing course, an assessment, or a guarantee of academic performance.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Academic Word List?

It is a list of 570 word families developed by Averil Coxhead for learners preparing for tertiary study. Its words were selected for range and frequency across an academic corpus.

Will academic vocabulary improve academic writing by itself?

No. Vocabulary is one component. Effective academic writing also requires ideas, evidence, organization, genre awareness, grammar, revision, and feedback.

Do all university subjects use the same vocabulary?

They share some general academic language, but each discipline also has specialized terms and preferred ways of expressing evidence, argument, and method.